5th grade Math Curriculum

5th grade Math Units

Open any unit to see the full lesson path. The summaries below are rendered in static HTML for clear curriculum discovery.

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  1

  Unit 1

  Place value: read, write, compare, and round whole numbers

  Students read, write, compare, order, and round whole numbers through 10 million using place-value structure and estimation. They explain how a digit’s value changes by place and justify comparisons with precise math language.

  Read and write whole numbers to 10 millionCompare, order, and round whole numbersUse powers of ten patterns

  First steps

  1. 1Name periods
  2. 2Standard to word form
  3. 3Word to standard form
  4. 4Write expanded form
  5. 5Match different forms
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  2

  Unit 2

  Whole-number addition and subtraction

  Students build fluent multidigit addition and subtraction with estimation, clear explanations, and one-step and two-step story problems. They use place value to choose methods and check reasonableness.

  Add multidigit whole numbersSubtract multidigit whole numbersSolve two-step whole-number stories

  First steps

  1. 1Estimate sums first
  2. 2Add with regrouping
  3. 3Add three or more addends
  4. 4Solve one-step addition stories
  5. 5Explain an addition method
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  3

  Unit 3

  Multiplication: models, algorithm, and word problems

  Students develop multidigit multiplication from area models to partial products to the standard algorithm, then apply multiplication in one-step and multistep contexts. Estimation and explanation are used throughout to check reasonableness.

  Multiply with area models and partial productsMultiply with the standard algorithmSolve multiplication word problems

  First steps

  1. 1Build an area model
  2. 2Record partial products
  3. 3Estimate a product
  4. 4Connect the model to the equation
  5. 5Solve one-step multiplication stories
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  4

  Unit 4

  Division: models, strategies, and two-digit divisors

  Students connect division to sharing and grouping, use partial quotients and the standard algorithm with two-digit divisors, and interpret remainders in context. They relate division to multiplication and solve story problems with careful reasoning.

  Divide with models and partial quotientsDivide by two-digit divisors

  First steps

  1. 1Use a sharing model
  2. 2Use a grouping model
  3. 3Use partial quotients
  4. 4Relate division to multiplication
  5. 5Solve one-step division stories
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  5

  Unit 5

  Factors, divisibility, GCF, and LCM

  Students study factor pairs, primes, composites, divisibility rules, greatest common factor, and least common multiple in number patterns and context problems. They use prime factorization to explain and justify their reasoning.

  Find factors and use divisibility rulesFind GCF and LCM

  First steps

  1. 1List factor pairs
  2. 2Classify numbers as prime or composite
  3. 3Use divisibility rules
  4. 4Use factors in context
  5. 5Mixed review of factors and divisibility
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  6

  Unit 6

  Order of operations, expressions, variables, and patterns

  Students evaluate and write numerical expressions, use variables to represent unknowns, and connect patterns in tables to graphs. They explain errors, justify rules, and describe how quantities change.

  Evaluate expressions with order of operationsWrite numerical and variable expressionsAnalyze number patterns, tables, and graphs

  First steps

  1. 1Evaluate two-operation expressions
  2. 2Use parentheses first
  3. 3Use brackets and parentheses
  4. 4Spot an order-of-operations error
  5. 5Mixed review of expression evaluation
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  7

  Unit 7

  Compare, add, and subtract fractions

  Students compare and order fractions, use visual models and common denominators to add and subtract unlike fractions, and solve fraction story problems. Number lines, benchmark fractions, and clear explanations support deep understanding.

  Compare and order fractionsAdd unlike fractionsSubtract unlike fractions

  First steps

  1. 1Use benchmark fractions
  2. 2Compare with common denominators
  3. 3Compare fractions on a number line
  4. 4Order a set of fractions
  5. 5Justify a fraction comparison
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  8

  Unit 8

  Add and subtract mixed numbers; multiply fractions and mixed numbers

  Students add and subtract mixed numbers, interpret fraction multiplication with models, reason about scaling, and build fluency with multiplying fractions and mixed numbers in context. They explain why products can be smaller or larger than a factor.

  Add and subtract mixed numbersInterpret fraction multiplication and scalingMultiply fractions and mixed numbers

  First steps

  1. 1Add mixed numbers
  2. 2Subtract mixed numbers without regrouping
  3. 3Subtract mixed numbers with regrouping
  4. 4Solve mixed-number measurement stories
  5. 5Mixed review of mixed-number operations
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  9

  Unit 9

  Fraction as division, divide unit fractions, and connect fractions, decimals, and percent

  Students connect a fraction to division, divide whole numbers and unit fractions with models and equations, and relate fractions, decimals, and percent as different names for the same quantity. They solve sharing and comparison problems in practical contexts.

  Interpret a fraction as divisionDivide unit fractions and whole numbersConnect fractions, decimals, and percent

  First steps

  1. 1Read a fraction as division
  2. 2Share and write a fractional answer
  3. 3Write division results as mixed numbers
  4. 4Solve sharing stories with fractional answers
  5. 5Mixed review of fraction as division
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  10

  Unit 10

  Decimal place value and decimal operations

  Students extend place value through thousandths, compare decimals, and add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals with reasoning and estimation. Money and measurement contexts strengthen understanding of place-value alignment.

  Read, write, and compare decimalsAdd and subtract decimalsMultiply and divide decimals

  First steps

  1. 1Name decimal places
  2. 2Write decimals in standard and expanded form
  3. 3Compare and order decimals
  4. 4Place decimals on a number line
  5. 5Mixed review of decimal place value
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  11

  Unit 11

  Measurement conversions, elapsed time, money, and unit price

  Students convert customary and metric units, solve elapsed-time problems, use decimal money in one-step and multistep contexts, compare unit prices, and connect money decisions to budgeting and financial records.

  Convert customary and metric units

  First steps

  1. 1Convert customary units
  2. 2Convert metric units
  3. 3Solve conversion stories
  4. 4Find elapsed time within the hour
  5. 5Find elapsed time across noon and schedules
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  12

  Unit 12

  Perimeter, area, and volume

  Students measure and compute perimeter and area of rectangles and compound figures, then build volume from unit cubes to formulas and additive volume in composite prisms. They connect formulas to unit structure and explain what the units mean.

  Find perimeter and areaBuild and compute volume

  First steps

  1. 1Find perimeter of rectangles
  2. 2Find area of rectangles
  3. 3Find area and perimeter of compound figures
  4. 4Use fractional and decimal side lengths
  5. 5Reason about perimeter and area units
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  13

  Unit 13

  Coordinate plane and polygon classification

  Students plot and interpret points in the first quadrant, graph simple polygons, classify triangles, quadrilaterals, and other polygons, and reason about parallel, perpendicular, and inherited properties.

  Plot and read points in the coordinate planeClassify triangles, quadrilaterals, and polygons

  First steps

  1. 1Name axes and the origin
  2. 2Plot ordered pairs
  3. 3Read coordinates in context
  4. 4Graph a polygon on the grid
  5. 5Match tables to plotted points
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  14

  Unit 14

  Graphs, line plots, statistics, and probability

  Students create and interpret line plots, bar graphs, and line graphs; analyze data with mean, median, mode, and range; and describe simple probability with precise language. They connect data displays to computation and interpretation.

  Read and use line plots with fractionsUse mean, median, mode, range, and simple probability

  First steps

  1. 1Read a fraction line plot
  2. 2Create a fraction line plot
  3. 3Answer operation questions from a line plot
  4. 4Interpret and create bar graphs
  5. 5Interpret and create line graphs
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  15

  Unit 15

  Two-step word problems by operation

  Students solve dedicated two-step word problems with add/subtract, multiplication, and division, and learn to choose the operation pair before computing. Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and measurement contexts are included.

  Solve two-step add/subtract problemsSolve two-step multiplication problemsSolve two-step division problems

  First steps

  1. 1Identify two-step add/subtract plans
  2. 2Solve whole-number add/subtract chains
  3. 3Solve fraction add/subtract chains
  4. 4Solve decimal add/subtract chains
  5. 5Choose the add/subtract pair before solving
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  16

  Unit 16

  Multistep mixed operations across forms

  Students solve multistep word problems that mix whole numbers, fractions, decimals, measurement, and data in one story sequence. They use bar models, operation planning, and careful checking to connect strands and explain solutions.

  Use bar models and operation sequencesSolve fraction, decimal, and cross-form chains

  First steps

  1. 1Use a bar model for whole-number stories
  2. 2Choose operations before computing
  3. 3Solve whole-number multistep chains
  4. 4Critique a worked multistep solution
  5. 5Mixed review of operation planning
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  17

  Unit 17

  Year-end synthesis: communication, reasoning, and mastery challenge

  Students synthesize Grade 5 mathematics through explanation, critique, and rich applications that connect operations, geometry, measurement, data, and financial decisions. Challenge tasks deepen mastery while staying grounded in grade-level ideas.

  Explain methods and critique solutionsMastery challenge across strands

  First steps

  1. 1Explain a method step by step
  2. 2Compare two methods
  3. 3Critique a worked solution
  4. 4Justify reasonableness with estimation
  5. 5Mixed review of explanation and critique